In modern society, the concept of culture has become increasingly influential, shaping people's perceptions, behaviors, values, beliefs, and attitudes towards various aspects of life including sexuality. Culture is defined as "the shared patterns of behavior and interaction that characterize human groups." (McCracken & Hayes, 19882) It refers to a set of norms, traditions, customs, and beliefs that are passed down from one generation to another within a particular community or group. As such, cultural surveillance plays an important role in limiting sexual practices, especially in relation to socially constructed ideas about morality, religion, and gender roles.
One way that cultural surveillance limits sexual practices is through the control of sexual expression and behavior. Cultural norms dictate what types of sexual acts are acceptable and which ones are forbidden.
In some cultures, premarital sex is considered immoral, while in others, homosexuality is frowned upon. These restrictions often result in negative consequences for those who deviate from these norms, such as social exclusion, ostracism, or even violence. This can lead to feelings of shame, guilt, and self-loathing among individuals who engage in non-conforming sexual activities.
Another form of cultural surveillance involves the regulation of sexual relations between men and women. In many societies, traditional gender roles dictate that women must remain subservient to men and should not take on a dominant role during intercourse. This can lead to sexual dissatisfaction for both partners and create tension within relationships.
There may be strict rules governing when and how sex should occur, with certain times being more appropriate than others.
Cultural surveillance restricts intimacy by imposing limitations on the ways people express their desires and needs.
Cultural surveillance also affects the availability of resources related to sexual health education and contraception. Many communities view discussions about sexuality as taboo and therefore do not provide adequate information to young people about sexuality, reproductive health, and safe sex practices. Lack of access to contraceptives and other preventative measures can increase the risk of unwanted pregnancies and STDs. The limited availability of contraceptives can also limit individual autonomy over one's body and life choices.
Cultural surveillance can also impact sexual identity formation and expression. People who identify as LGBTQ+ face discrimination and prejudice in many cultures due to the stigma associated with non-heteronormative sexual orientation or gender identity. They are often ostracized from families and communities, denied employment opportunities, and subjected to violence. This can lead to feelings of fear, isolation, and despair, and even push them towards risky behaviors such as substance abuse or suicide.
Cultural surveillance plays a significant role in shaping our understanding of sexuality and determining what is acceptable in terms of sexual behavior. It limits individuals' ability to explore and express their sexuality freely, resulting in negative consequences for personal and relational wellbeing. Efforts must be made to challenge these restrictive norms and promote more inclusive attitudes towards diverse expressions of sexuality.
What role does cultural surveillance play in limiting sexual practices?
The practice of monitoring others' behaviors regarding sex is known as "cultural surveillance," which can impose restrictions on one's sexual activities. Some cultures may have strict norms and values against certain types of sex that are seen as taboo or immoral, such as homosexuality or adultery. This creates an environment where individuals who engage in these activities feel pressured to hide their behavior or face social consequences.