LGBTQ+ movements have had significant impacts on social and political realms, from changing laws to altering attitudes towards gender and sexuality. In this article, I will explore how these changes happened, discuss remaining obstacles for further progress, and suggest ways that future activists can leverage technologies and transnational networks to advance their goals.
Before delving into these topics, it is necessary to clarify some terms. LGBTQ+ is an acronym for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, pansexual, aromantic, nonbinary, agender, and many others. These identities are not mutually exclusive; one person may identify as multiple labels at once, or none at all. Sexual orientation refers to whom someone is attracted to romantically or sexually, while gender identity describes how someone feels about themselves regarding masculinity, femininity, and other qualities.
LGBTQ+ struggles have been characterized by intense stigma, persecution, and violence, resulting in widespread discrimination against individuals who do not conform to normative expectations of heterosexuality and cisgenderism (being assigned male at birth but identifying with female gender roles). The history of oppression has resulted in significant political mobilization to gain rights and recognition.
Activists successfully fought to decriminalize homosexuality globally, legalize same-sex marriage in several countries, protect queer youth from bullying, and raise awareness of the harms of conversion therapy.
These victories have been hard-won, often involving years of organizing, protests, lawsuits, and direct action.
Despite progress, there remains substantial work ahead. Discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity persists in many spheres, including employment, housing, education, healthcare, politics, and social life. In addition, LGBTQ+ people still face high rates of physical and emotional abuse, disproportionately experience poverty, and suffer from mental health issues due to societal rejection.
Transgender individuals are particularly vulnerable; they may face additional challenges like lack of access to hormones, surgeries, and name changes.
Transphobia is a growing problem worldwide as more countries pass laws criminalizing or restricting gender affirmation services.
Technology can empower future movements by enabling global communication and information sharing. Transnational networks can be formed through online platforms that facilitate collaboration across borders and time zones. Activists can share experiences, resources, knowledge, strategies, and tactics while developing a sense of solidarity among disparate communities.
Social media provides an easy way to educate allies and mobilize support for legislative initiatives. Online petitions and fundraising campaigns are powerful tools for advancing legal and policy change.
Historical LGBTQ+ movements have had significant impacts on cultural and political landscapes but continue facing obstacles. Technology and transnational networks offer new opportunities for activism; these tools should be harnessed for the next generation's advocacy efforts.
References
Sullivan, B., & Wilson, E. J. (2016). Sexual orientation, gender identity and human rights: A contemporary debate. Human Rights Quarterly, 38(4), 759-786.
Murphy, M. C., Xu, Y., Green, H. D., Kattari, S., Finlayson, T. J., Ward, R. E., & Mayer, K. H. (2019). The state of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender equality in the United States. American Psychologist, 74(6), 713-734.
Pew Research Center. (2019). Views about same-sex marriage around the world: Broad acceptance, but not complete consensus. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/06/12/views-about-same-sex-marriage-around-the-world-broad-acceptance-but-not-complete-consensus/
How have historical LGBT movements influenced political and cultural landscapes, what gaps remain, and how might future activism leverage technology and transnational networks?
LGBTQ+ movements have played an essential role in shaping political and cultural landscapes by advocating for equal rights and recognition for sexual and gender minorities. The Stonewall riots of 1969 marked a turning point in LGBTQ+ history as it led to increased visibility and acceptance of queer people, paving the way for legal protections such as the decriminalization of same-sex relationships and the right to marry.