Hijras are individuals who identify themselves as having both male and female characteristics and roles, and they form their own gender identity within Islamic societies. They have existed for centuries in South Asia, particularly in India and Pakistan. Hijras have always been considered marginalized groups in Islamic society because of their ambiguous gender identities and sexual practices, which were often perceived as contradictory to the accepted norms of masculinity and femininity.
Hijras have found ways to create alternative religious hierarchies and ritual practices that mirror or challenge traditional Sunni authority structures.
The first thing to understand about hijra culture is that it is based on social hierarchy. Hijras are divided into different castes, each with its own leader or guru, who acts as a spiritual guide and provides moral guidance. The highest caste is known as the "Sadhus," while the lowest caste is called the "Akhada." These castes are based on the level of education and spiritual knowledge possessed by the individual. In addition, there are also different ranks within each caste, such as Sadhus who are more educated than others and those who are less educated. This system allows hijras to maintain order within their community and ensures that everyone has a role to play.
Another important aspect of hijra culture is their relationship with Allah. Unlike other Muslims, hijras do not follow the strict interpretation of the Quran when it comes to sexuality. Instead, they believe that sex between two people of the same gender is acceptable if it is done in the name of love and devotion to God. This belief is expressed through the performance of rituals such as "Gotipua" and "Kamadeva," where hijras offer prayers and perform dances in honor of Allah. They also use erotic symbols and gestures during these ceremonies, which can be seen as a way of expressing their sexuality in a religious context.
Hijras have also created their own marriage ceremony, called "Kannauj Pooja," which involves the exchange of vows between two hijras. During this ceremony, the bride-to-be presents the groom with a coconut, symbolizing her fertility and commitment to him. In return, the groom offers the bride a turmeric powder, signifying his acceptance of her masculine nature. This ceremony represents a rejection of traditional heteronormative marriages and demonstrates that hijras can create their own version of matrimony.
Hijras have challenged Sunni authority structures by creating their own mosques and places of worship. These spaces allow them to practice their religion without interference from outside authorities and provide a sense of community among members of the LGBTQ+ community. Hijra worship centers are often decorated with colorful lights, mirrors, and other items associated with Hinduism and Buddhism, further illustrating their rejection of orthodox Islam.
Hijras have created alternative hierarchies and ritual practices that mirror or challenge traditional Sunni authority structures. Their social structure is based on education and spiritual knowledge, and they believe that sex between same-gender partners is acceptable if done in the name of love and devotion to God. Hijras have rejected heteronormative values through the creation of their own marriage ceremonies and places of worship, which provide a sense of belonging within the LGBTQ+ community. By doing so, they have established themselves as independent religious groups that do not necessarily follow the norms of mainstream Islamic society.