Sexual acts between consenting adults have been a fundamental part of human existence since time immemorial. In most societies, however, sexuality has been regulated to varying degrees by religious beliefs and norms. Such is the case in predominantly Catholic countries like Spain and Italy, where the influence of the church on sexual laws and practices is palpable. These countries have some of the strictest laws regarding sexual activity and are often criticized for being behind when it comes to sexual freedom.
Abortion is illegal in both Spain and Italy unless it poses a risk to the mother's life or health, which means that many women resort to unsafe backstreet clinics or even dangerous methods to terminate their pregnancies. This restriction has resulted in countless deaths and injuries. Similarly, adultery is considered a crime punishable by law in Italy, while homosexuality was decriminalized only recently in Spain and remains controversial. Moreover, same-sex marriage is still prohibited in both nations.
These restrictions do not mean that people are completely denied their right to sex; instead, they simply have to engage in it discreetly. While prostitution is legal, it is frowned upon and mostly practiced underground.
Birth control pills are available but can be difficult to obtain due to their illegality.
There is a thriving LGBTQ+ community in both countries, especially among the younger generations who are less conservative than their parents and grandparents. The internet has made it easier for them to connect with like-minded individuals and access information about alternative lifestyles.
Religion plays an important role in shaping attitudes towards sexuality. Catholicism teaches that sex should only occur within marriage and should be confined to procreation; thus, anything outside of this norm is sinful. This mindset permeates society and leads to stigmatization of non-heteronormative behavior.
Transgender people often face discrimination and violence, making it challenging to live openly as themselves.
Some Catholics believe that sexual activity between consenting adults is natural and should not be restricted excessively. They argue that repressing sexual urges can lead to negative consequences such as depression or addiction. Some even go so far as to say that religious laws and practices do more harm than good when it comes to sexual freedom.
While Catholic doctrine influences the way sexuality is regulated in Spain and Italy, there is still room for sexual freedom within certain bounds. As long as people engage in consensual acts behind closed doors, they will not be punished by law or societal disapproval.
The church's influence on public policy means that it may take years before these countries catch up with their secular counterparts in terms of sexual freedoms.
How do religious doctrines influence sexual laws in Catholic-majority countries, and what are the outcomes for sexual freedom?
Religious doctrine has always played an important role in shaping sexual norms and regulations in many parts of the world, including Catholic-majority countries. The Roman Catholic Church is known for its conservative stance on sexuality, which often results in restrictive sexual laws that limit individuals' autonomy over their bodies and relationships. These laws can have significant consequences for sexual freedom, particularly for those who identify as LGBTQ+, women, and people with nontraditional gender identities.