When it comes to human development, there is no more turbulent time than early adolescence when hormones start flowing, bodies are changing shape, and emotional storms rage within. At this age, many teens struggle to understand their own identity and place in the world, while simultaneously attempting to navigate social pressures and expectations. One of these societal pressures is that of sexual behavior. While culture can be highly variable in its views of appropriate erotic expression, the reality is that most cultures have both contradictions and strictures regarding sex and sexuality. This means that even if an individual has a well-developed sense of self and awareness of his/her surroundings, he/she may still find him/herself struggling to understand how to balance competing messages about what is acceptable and desirable. The psychological effects of such cultural contradiction can be profound, affecting everything from one's sense of self-worth to personal relationships. In order to fully explore these issues, we must first define what cultural contradictions exist around sex, as well as some common psychological outcomes associated with internalizing them.
Cultural Contradictions Surrounding Sexual Expression
We must consider the nature of cultural contradiction surrounding erotic behavior. On one hand, society often values expressive sexuality; this is reflected in pop culture, music, movies, television, art, advertising, and much more.
Sexuality is stigmatized by mainstream media.
Although sexual images are used frequently in TV ads, they are not usually aimed toward youth audiences. Thus, there is a contradiction between what a person sees and what s/he experiences. Even for adults, there is a tendency to view pornography or erotica under cover of secrecy or shame, rather than embracing it openly. Further, while many people enjoy exploring their own sensuality, others may experience shame over doing so. Thus, we have to acknowledge that there is no clear consensus on whether sex is something to embrace, hide, or simply ignore. As a result, young people will struggle to make sense of what it means to be an attractive, desirable person who enjoys physical intimacy without feeling ashamed of themselves.
Psychological Outcomes
When someone fails to reconcile such contradictory messages about sex, he/she may begin to feel confused, conflicted, and even depressed. Such feelings can lead to a number of negative consequences including: 1) low self-esteem due to fear of rejection or judgment by others, 2) difficulty forming romantic relationships, 3) lack of trust in potential partners, 4) anxiety about sexual behavior, and 5) risky sexual behaviors. In addition, individuals who internalize cultural attitudes may also suffer from emotional and relational dysfunction. This includes a higher likelihood of engaging in abusive relationships, addictions, and a host of other harmful coping mechanisms.
The internalization of these beliefs about sex can lead to a great deal of psychological pain for adolescents as they try to balance competing messages, fear reprisals if they fail, and cope with their confusing feelings.
Culture places complex demands upon adolescents when it comes to erotic expression. While some cultures are more open than others, all societies present challenges for youth attempting to navigate issues around sexuality. When this process goes awry, teens can experience a range of personal struggles that have serious implications on their emotional well-being. Thus, parents, teachers, counselors, and other adults must be aware of how culture shapes sexual attitudes and help young people make sense of them so that they can move forward healthily into adulthood.
How do adolescents internalize cultural contradictions about erotic behavior, and what psychological outcomes result?
Adolescence is an exciting period of life characterized by hormonal changes and physical transformations that prepare teenagers for adulthood. As they navigate these changes, they encounter different cultural views on sexuality, which can be confusing and conflicting at times. Some cultures view sexuality as a natural expression of love and affection while others see it as taboo or shameful.