Pain during sex (dyspareunia), which affects up to 1/3 of all adults at some point in their lives, is characterized by persistent genital pain during or after vaginal intercourse, and can result from various causes including physical conditions such as endometriosis or pelvic floor dysfunction, psychological stressors such as anxiety or depression, and relationship factors like communication issues or lack of intimacy. Women are twice as likely as men to experience this problem due to differences in anatomy and physiology. Treatment options include lifestyle changes (e.g. diet, exercise) and medications (e.g. pain relievers, hormonal contraceptives). Communication between partners about preferences and boundaries can also help prevent or alleviate discomfort. Knowing how to approach one's healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment is essential for relief and sexual wellbeing.
Pain during sex, known as **dyspareunia**, is a common but often overlooked issue that affects up to one-third of adults at some point in their lives. It refers to persistent genital pain experienced before, during, or after vaginal intercourse, and can result from various causes ranging from physical conditions to psychological stressors and relationship factors. Dyspareunia may be classified into four main categories based on its cause: superficial, deep, provoked, or unprovoked. Superficial dyspareunia involves skin irritation or friction, while deep dyspareunia occurs deeper in the pelvic region and may require surgical intervention. Provoked dyspareunia is triggered by penetration or pressure, while unprovoked dyspareunia persists regardless of sexual activity.
Women are twice as likely as men to experience dyspareunia due to differences in anatomy and physiology. The most common causes include endometriosis, pelvic floor disorders like prolapse or incontinence, urinary tract infections, STIs, hormonal imbalances, and medications such as birth control pills. Psychosocial factors such as anxiety or depression can also play a role, as can communication issues or lack of intimacy with partners. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include lifestyle changes (e.g. diet, exercise), medications (e.g. pain relievers, hormonal contraceptives), physical therapy, or surgery. Knowing how to approach one's healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment is essential for relief and overall sexual wellbeing. It's important to discuss symptoms openly and honestly with one's partner(s) and to communicate preferences and boundaries for improved intimacy.