Sexual dysfunction is a problem that occurs when an individual experiences difficulties during any phase of the sexual response cycle. This could be related to physical aspects such as impotence, premature ejaculation, vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse, etc., or emotional factors like low libido, lack of attraction, relationship issues, and fear of intimacy. Sexual dysfunctions are generally characterized into four types - female sexual interest/arousal disorder, male erectile disorder, orgasmic disorder, and female orgasmic disorder. While these categories are gender-neutral, it is believed that psychological consequences may differ between males and females.
The following paragraphs will provide more insight into this matter.
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Females with FSIAD experience decreased genital arousal compared to their usual level, which leads to difficulty in becoming sexually excited or engaging in sexual activity. The underlying cause of this condition can be either physiological or psychological. In terms of mental health, women with FSIAD have been found to have lower self-esteem, higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress than those without the disorder. They also report negative thoughts about themselves, their bodies, their partners, or the sexual act itself, leading them to avoid or reject intimate situations altogether. These thoughts can affect their overall wellbeing, leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Male erectile disorder
This type of dysfunction occurs when a man has trouble achieving or maintaining an erection for long enough to perform sexual intercourse. Physical causes such as heart disease, diabetes, or medications can contribute to ED, but so can psychological factors like anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, relationship issues, etc. In men with ED, there may be a decrease in libido, difficulties in achieving ejaculation, and negative perceptions about their masculinity or sexual performance. This can lead to low self-confidence, shame, guilt, and fear of rejection from their partner.
Orgasmic disorder
Both males and females can suffer from orgasmic dysfunction, where they find it challenging to reach climax during sexual activity despite being stimulated adequately. Women with OD often experience reduced sensitivity to erotic stimuli, while men may struggle to achieve ejaculation or feel dissatisfied with their orgasms. Psychologically, individuals with this condition might feel ashamed, embarrassed, anxious, frustrated, or worried that something is wrong with them physically/mentally.
Female orgasmic disorder
Females with FOD have difficulty reaching orgasm even though they are sufficiently sexually aroused. The underlying cause could be physical (e.g., neurological disorders) or psychological (such as trauma, past abuse).
Women with FOD report lower levels of desire, lesser satisfaction during the sexual act, difficulty communicating their needs, and more negative thoughts towards themselves or partners compared to those without the disorder. They also tend to blame themselves for not feeling pleasure during intercourse, leading to feelings of isolation, depression, and anxiety.
Psychological consequences of sexual dysfunctions differ between genders due to biological, social, and cultural factors. Treatments such as psychotherapy and medications can address the mental health aspect by working on reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.
Are psychological consequences of sexual dysfunction different by gender?
Sexual dysfunction can occur due to various reasons such as physical, psychological, or both. Different genders may experience the psychological consequences differently depending on their sexuality, gender identity, culture, beliefs, and experiences related to sex and relationships. Sexual satisfaction is important for people's well-being; therefore, experiencing sexual dysfunction may cause distress among individuals and affect their self-esteem, intimate relationships, and mental health.