Sexual climax is characterized by physical and psychological changes that involve multiple bodily systems. One of these changes involves a narrowing of attention towards sexual stimuli and a disregard for external distractions. This phenomenon is known as the "autonomic shift" or "transient autonomic blockade." During this state, breathing rate decreases while heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, and skin conductance decreases.
How exactly does this autonomic shift occur?
Transient autonomic blockade during sexual climax
The transient autonomic blockade refers to the momentary cessation of involuntary activity in certain parts of the nervous system that occurs during sexual arousal. It consists of a series of physiological alterations that take place throughout the body, including the brain, spinal cord, nerves, muscles, and glands. These changes are triggered by increased levels of neurochemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline.
As sexual arousal progresses, blood flow shifts away from the extremities towards the genitals. This leads to an increase in penile erection or vaginal lubrication, depending on one's gender identity. At the same time, there is a decrease in sweating and vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) in other areas of the body. The autonomic nervous system also becomes more active, leading to faster heartbeat and stronger contractions of the pelvic floor muscles. These responses prepare the body for sexual intercourse and orgasm.
Norepinephrine and epinephrine
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are two hormones involved in the autonomic shift. They are released by the adrenal medulla, located above each kidney, and their production is stimulated by high levels of circulating cortisol. During sexual climax, these hormones trigger several physiological changes in the body.
They cause constriction of peripheral blood vessels, which redirects blood flow to the genital area. This increases tissue engorgement and enhances sexual sensations.
Norepinephrine and epinephrine can cause the release of endorphins, which contribute to feelings of pleasure and relaxation. Endorphins act on specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord to reduce pain and promote well-being. This explains why some people experience a "runners' high" after exercising or why opioid drugs such as heroin produce euphoric effects.
Dopamine and serotonin
Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters that play an important role in sexual desire and arousal. When we perceive something pleasurable, such as food or sex, dopamine is released from certain areas of the brain. This triggers an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate, creating the feeling of excitement and anticipation. Serotonin also contributes to this process by promoting feelings of happiness and satisfaction.
As sexual arousal progresses, dopamine and serotonin levels rise, leading to increased attention towards sexual stimuli and reduced attentiveness to external distractions. This narrows one's focus, making it easier to concentrate on the sensations experienced during sex. At the same time, these hormones trigger the release of oxytocin, which promotes bonding and emotional intimacy between partners.
The transient autonomic blockade is a complex physiological phenomenon involving multiple bodily systems. It occurs during sexual climax and involves changes in blood flow, heart rate, muscle contraction, and neurochemical production. These alterations contribute to the pleasure and intensity of sexual experiences, making them more enjoyable for both individuals involved.
What autonomic changes accompany the transient narrowing of sensory focus during sexual culmination?
Sexual arousal is characterized by a series of physiologic changes that prepare the body for sexual activity. One such change is an increase in blood flow to the genital area, which leads to vasocongestion and engorgement of tissues. This process is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, which also triggers a cascade of hormonal responses leading to increased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline.