Asian cultures have traditionally placed a high value on community harmony, often emphasizing collectivism and social responsibility rather than individual rights.
This does not mean that personal freedom is ignored, particularly when it comes to matters of sex and sexuality. In fact, many Asian religions and cultural practices recognize the importance of balancing collective morality with sexual autonomy.
One example is the Hindu concept of dharma, which emphasizes the idea that individuals must live their lives according to their duties and responsibilities within society. This can include abstaining from certain behaviors, such as premarital sex, but also allows for personal choice in others.
Some Hindus believe that marriage is an obligation and should be entered into only if both partners are ready to commit fully. But once married, couples may engage in consensual sex without guilt or shame.
Buddhist teachings encourage adherents to follow the Eightfold Path, which includes right action, right livelihood, and right speech. These principles guide all aspects of life, including sexual behavior. The Buddha's advice was to avoid lustful thoughts and actions, but he did not forbid sexual expression altogether. Monks and nuns take vows of celibacy, while laypeople can enjoy intimacy within marriage.
In Chinese culture, Confucian ideals focus on the importance of relationships between family members and neighbors. While these ties are paramount, they do not supersede individual desires or needs. A person has a duty to fulfill their roles in society, but they also have the right to pursue happiness within those boundaries. This means that while extramarital affairs are frowned upon, cheating on one's spouse is considered a serious offense against trust and loyalty.
Japanese Shintoism stresses harmony with nature and respect for ancestors. The Shinto religion emphasizes purity and cleanliness, which can extend to sex.
It does not prohibit sexual activity or even promiscuity, so long as people remain healthy and responsible. Instead, it encourages couples to be mindful of each other's feelings and physical well-being during intimacy.
Sexual morality in Islam is governed by sharia law, which dictates how Muslims should live their lives according to divine guidance.
Men and women are expected to dress modestly and avoid public displays of affection. But married couples may engage in consensual sexual acts without shame or guilt. Adultery is strictly forbidden, as is same-sex behavior.
Asian religions and cultures recognize the importance of balance when it comes to sex and sexual autonomy. While collective responsibility may take priority over personal freedom, individuals still have agency over their own bodies and choices. It is up to them to find the appropriate balance between morality and pleasure, which differs from one culture to another and from one person to another.