Erotic capital is a term coined by sociologist Catherine Hakim to refer to physical attractiveness, which she defines as "physical attributes that create sexual desire" such as physical fitness, health, youthful appearance, height, good skin tone, facial symmetry, and sex appeal. She argues that this kind of capital can be used strategically to gain advantages in social and professional life, just like other types of capital. In her book "Erotic Capital: The Power of Attraction in the Boardroom and the Bedroom", Hakim explores how people who possess erotic capital use it to get ahead in various settings - from dating and romantic encounters to business meetings and social gatherings.
Hakim's concept of erotic capital has been widely debated among scholars, some criticizing it for being too reductionist or for ignoring other forms of capital such as cultural capital.
Her work provides an interesting perspective on how beauty and sexuality play a significant role in contemporary society. Many argue that possessing more erotic capital allows individuals to access power, status, and resources, while others contend that it creates inequality and unfairness in relationships.
One moral dilemma raised by the deployment of erotic capital is objectification. The notion of using one's body or physical attributes to gain benefits implies treating oneself or others as objects rather than human beings with complex thoughts and feelings. This can lead to dehumanization and exploitation, especially when erotic capital is used in exchange for favors or privileges.
The pressure to conform to societal standards of beauty can cause low self-esteem and negative body image issues, particularly for those who do not fit these norms.
Another ethical concern is consent. Using erotic capital to manipulate someone into doing something they may not want to do, whether consensual sex or other acts, violates their autonomy and agency.
Coercion or force can never be justified under any circumstances, regardless of the perceived benefits or advantages gained.
Hakim also notes that there are positive aspects to deploying erotic capital responsibly, such as enhancing intimacy and creating meaningful connections between people.
Sharing intimate details about one's appearance or desires can foster emotional closeness and trust, which can strengthen relationships. Moreover, appreciating the attractiveness of another person can deepen understanding and empathy. It all depends on how erotic capital is used - positively or negatively - that determines its morality.
While erotic capital has important social and political implications, it raises several moral dilemmas related to objectification, consent, and power dynamics.
It can also be used constructively to promote intimacy and connection, provided it is done with respect, sensitivity, and consent.
How does erotic capital function as a resource in social and political life, and what moral dilemmas does its deployment raise?
In contemporary society, erotic capital is understood as an individual's ability to command attention based on their attractiveness and sexual desirability. This can be applied across various contexts, such as workplace interactions, personal relationships, and public appearances. The deployment of this type of capital has become increasingly important in both social and political spheres due to its potential for influencing perceptions and outcomes.