The concept of family is central to many religions, which often define it as consisting of a man, woman, and their biological children. This definition is based on ideas about lineage and inheritance that are deeply ingrained in these belief systems. Such traditions have led to stigmas against same-sex parenting that persist today despite advances in science and social norms. In this article, I will examine how religious doctrines around family shape societal perceptions of same-sex parenting.
Most monotheistic religions view families as units of husband, wife, and children born from them. The Bible states, "Be fruitful and multiply," emphasizing procreation as a divine commandment. Islamic law also requires marriage between a man and a woman for reproduction. These doctrines present heterosexuality as an ideal state and sexual activity outside of marriage as sinful.
Some scholars argue that homosexuality is genetic and can be attributed to no personal fault or choice, challenging the idea that same-sex parents should be denied rights because they cannot reproduce naturally. Nevertheless, traditionalists continue to hold that a child needs both a mother and father figure to develop properly and that same-sex relationships are unnatural.
Even among liberal denominations, such as Unitarian Universalism, there remains hesitation regarding same-sex parenting. Some argue that children need both a male and female role model, while others acknowledge that gender identity and expression may be fluid. Still, there is consensus that any arrangement should prioritize stability over fluidity. Sociologist Steven Goldberg posits that religion shapes views on sex through its impact on education, laws, customs, and values. Therefore, until society at large embraces nontraditional family structures, it will be difficult for religious institutions to redefine their attitudes toward them.
Despite these barriers, many same-sex couples choose to adopt or use assisted reproductive technology. They face legal hurdles in countries like Russia and Uganda but have greater acceptance in places like Australia and Canada. In Brazil, churches oppose laws protecting LGBTQ+ families, yet recent Supreme Court rulings recognize equal rights regardless of sexual orientation. As more people come out as queer and supportive communities emerge, societal perceptions could shift towards inclusivity despite traditionalist pushback.
Science indicates that same-sex families provide loving homes for children who benefit from stable environments without regard to biological origin.
The influence of religion on conceptions of family has shaped societal perceptions of same-sex parenting negatively, presenting obstacles to equality.
Advances in understanding genetics and social movements advocating acceptance challenge these belief systems, leading to greater recognition and protection for all families.
How do religious doctrines around family and lineage shape societal perceptions of same-sex parenting?
Religious doctrines that emphasize traditional gender roles and familial structures can influence societal perceptions of same-sex parenting. These beliefs may include teachings about the importance of having a mother and father figure in a child's life, as well as the idea that marriage should be between a man and a woman. This can lead some people to view same-sex parenting as a deviation from these norms and potentially harmful for children.