Religiously Sanctioned Sexual Role Differences
Religions play a significant role in influencing societal norms and values regarding sex and sexuality, particularly those related to heterosexuality. This is because most religions advocate for sexual morality based on a binary system where men are expected to be masculine, assertive, dominant, and sexually active while women are supposed to be submissive, chaste, and passive. These gender norms tend to impact individuals' internalized beliefs about themselves, their behaviors, and attitudes towards others, thereby leading to sexual repression or relational issues that have lasting effects on society.
Internalized Gender Norms
When an individual internalizes these gender norms, they tend to adhere to them even when they do not apply.
If a woman was raised to believe that she should stay home and take care of her children, she may struggle to pursue career opportunities, even though they are available. Similarly, men who conform to traditional masculinity stereotypes may feel pressured to provide financially for their families and avoid expressing emotion, which can lead to anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties.
Sexual Repression
These religiously sanctioned gender roles also contribute to sexual repression by restricting people from exploring their sexuality fully. Men may feel guilty about masturbating or engaging in other forms of solo sex, while women may struggle with guilt surrounding sex before marriage. Individuals may also fear being judged by others if they deviate from these norms, further contributing to sexual repression.
Relationship Behaviors
The gender role differences created by religion can impact relationships, as men and women may struggle to connect emotionally due to different expectations regarding intimacy and communication. Women may feel pressure to perform feminine stereotypes like cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children, while men may be expected to provide financially and make decisions without input from their partners. This can lead to conflict, tension, and power imbalances within relationships.
How do religiously sanctioned sexual role differences influence internalized gender norms, sexual repression, and relational behaviors?
Religiously sanctioned sexual role differences have been shown to influence individuals' perception of their sex identity, attitudes towards sexuality, and behavioral patterns when it comes to interpersonal relationships. Studies suggest that societies with rigid gender roles tend to experience higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to those where these roles are more flexible.