Polygamy is an ancient practice wherein a man has more than one wife simultaneously. In recent years, this practice has been associated primarily with Mormonism, a religion that was founded in the early nineteenth century by Joseph Smith Jr. Polygamy was initially practiced openly within the church until it became illegal under U.S. law in 1862. As a result, it had to be discontinued publicly but continued clandestinely through what was called plural marriage or celestial marriage. This practice remained controversial even within the Mormon community, leading to a schism between those who adhered to it and those who opposed it. The issue reached a breaking point when the Church's president, Wilford Woodruff, received a revelation from God commanding them to renounce polygamy. Since then, the church has maintained strict monogamous marriages.
Mormons believe that polygamy is a divine commandment revealed by God through his prophets. They argue that polygamy can bring greater happiness and blessings to both men and women as they enter into eternal relationships with their spouses. Mormon doctrine teaches that sex is sacred and should only be enjoyed within marriage. It also maintains that sexual intimacy outside of marriage leads to sinfulness and spiritual decay. According to Mormon beliefs, Adam, the first human being created by God, lived with multiple wives simultaneously in heaven before coming down to Earth. Therefore, polygamy is not just an option for men; it is a requirement for attaining the highest level of salvation.
There have been some changes over time regarding Mormon doctrines on polygamy.
Women were previously considered second-class citizens in regards to religious hierarchy and marital ethics. Women could not hold leadership positions in the church until 1978, and they were expected to submit completely to male authority. In recent years, the church has made efforts to emphasize gender equality more explicitly but still holds onto its patriarchal structure. Mormons believe that God ordained men to lead families and that husbands must provide for their families financially while wives tend to domestic duties. While these views may seem outdated or discriminatory to many people today, Mormons consider them essential for creating stable homes and preserving traditional values.
Despite its controversial nature, polygamy remains an important part of Mormon theology. Throughout history, Mormons have tried various ways to justify this practice based on scripture and revelation from God. These rationalizations are often seen as essential for upholding family values and ensuring eternal happiness for all involved.
Critics argue that these arguments reinforce sexist power dynamics and create unfair expectations for both genders within marriage. Regardless of one's opinion on polygamy, it is clear that it continues to be a divisive issue among Mormons and non-Mormons alike.
How have Mormon doctrines historically addressed polygamy, and what religious rationalizations have been used to justify sexual hierarchy and marital ethics?
Mormon doctrine is based on the teachings of Joseph Smith, who was born into a family that practiced polygamy and polyandry (having multiple wives). The practice of plural marriage was not uncommon in early America, but it became controversial when Smith began preaching about it publicly. In 1842, he published "The Articles and Covenants," which outlined the rules for practicing polygamy within the church.