The penile frenulum is a small piece of skin that connects the tip of the penis to its base. It's located just below the glans (head) of the penis and can be stretched or torn during sex. Injuries to the frenulum are usually superficial and heal quickly. However, they can cause pain, bleeding, discomfort, swelling, bruising, itching, redness, and soreness around the area of the injury. These injuries are called frenulum tears or frenuloplasty.
Frenulum tears are common among men who have larger or curved penises. They may also occur if a partner pulls too hard on the foreskin or the penis during sex. The risk of tearing increases when the penis is uncircumcised. Uncircumcised men may have an additional layer of tissue around the glans that can get pulled back during thrusting. This layer can make it harder for the penis to retract after ejaculation, which can cause more friction and irritation. Men who masturbate vigorously may also experience frenulum tears.
Symptoms of a frenulum tear include pain, tenderness, and swelling at the site of injury. The area may be red and sore to touch. Bleeding may occur, but it's not always visible. Men with small penises may notice only slight changes in size, color, or texture. Those with larger penises may see a dramatic increase in girth or length. Frenulum tears are often diagnosed by physical examination.
Treatment for a frenulum tear depends on how severe the injury is. Minor tears may heal on their own within a few days without treatment. More serious tears may require medical attention. If left untreated, a torn frenulum could become infected or lead to permanent scarring. Treatments may include antibiotics, steroid creams, ice packs, elevation, rest, compression, lubrication, bandages, and stitches. Some men opt for surgery to repair the damage.
Prevention is key to avoiding frenulum tears. Uncircumcised men should avoid pulling on the foreskin too hard during sex. Circumcised men should use proper techniques when removing the foreskin before intercourse. Both groups should practice safe sex and avoid rough play during foreplay. Communicating with partners about boundaries and limits can help prevent accidents from happening.