Ostracism
The experience of being ostracized can have significant effects on an individual's sense of self-worth and mental wellbeing. When someone is rejected by their peers or community due to their religious beliefs or practices, it can lead to feelings of isolation, shame, and low self-esteem. This negative impact on emotional health can be compounded by the social stigma that often accompanies such exclusion. In some cases, ostracism may also result in depression, anxiety, and even suicidal ideation.
One study found that young adults who had been subjected to religious discrimination were more likely to report symptoms of depression than those who had not.
Research has shown that individuals who are socially excluded tend to engage in more avoidant behavior and have lower levels of self-confidence and self-efficacy.
Condemnation
When someone is condemned for their religious beliefs or practices, they may feel ashamed and alone, leading to a decrease in overall wellbeing. Religious condemnation may take the form of verbal attacks or physical violence, which can further erode self-esteem and increase fear and anxiety. The experience of religious condemnation has been linked to increased levels of stress, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Religious groups may use shaming tactics to control members and enforce conformity, which can damage relationships and create an environment of distrust and fear.
Exclusion
Being excluded from a religious community can be particularly damaging to mental health. Individuals who feel rejected by their faith group may question their own worth and identity, leading to feelings of isolation and despair. They may also struggle with grief over the loss of close relationships and sense of belonging within the community. Research suggests that religious exclusion can lead to reduced psychological adjustment, social support, and life satisfaction, as well as increased loneliness and depression. In some cases, these effects may persist even after an individual leaves the religious group.
These emotional and relational consequences of religious ostracism, condemnation, or exclusion can have long-term impacts on mental health and wellbeing, underscoring the importance of creating inclusive and supportive religious communities.