There has been an increased focus on how gender roles and expectations can impact relationships and behaviors in different contexts. One such context is that of the military, where traditional masculine and feminine roles have historically played a significant role in shaping norms around emotions, negotiating relationships, and sexual interactions. While some research suggests that these norms may be changing, it remains unclear to what extent they still influence individuals within the military environment.
One factor that shapes emotional expression within the military is the expectation that men must display strength and stoicism, while women are expected to be more expressive and vulnerable. This can create a power imbalance between genders, as well as affect how individuals relate to one another emotionally.
A man who displays emotion may be seen as weak or unstable, while a woman who does so may be viewed as irrational or hysterical.
The lack of open communication about feelings can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts between partners.
Relationship negotiation also differs based on gender within the military. Men are often expected to take charge and make decisions without consulting their partners, while women may be encouraged to defer to male authority figures. This can lead to conflict if one partner feels they are being marginalized or disrespected. Similarly, traditional gender roles can shape sexual behavior within the military. Male-dominated units may engage in "fraternization" activities that objectify women, while female-dominated units may prioritize intimacy and emotional connection. These differences can result in tension and resentment among members of both genders.
Despite the challenges posed by traditional gender norms within the military, there are signs of change. Women have been increasingly integrated into combat roles, blurring the lines between masculine and feminine expectations.
Awareness campaigns around sexual assault and harassment have increased sensitivity to issues related to gender and sexuality.
It remains unclear whether these changes will fully challenge existing norms and create a more equitable environment for all service members.
How do gender norms within military culture shape emotional expression, relational negotiation, and sexual behavior?
Gender norms within military culture have been traditionally characterized as restricting in terms of their impact on how men and women are expected to express emotion, negotiate relationships, and engage in sexually-related behaviors (e. g. , Pisarski & Chandler, 2016).