Laotians are devoutly Buddhist, which is reflected in their culture and society. This essay will explore how Buddhist beliefs influence Laotians' attitudes towards premarital sex and sexual responsibility.
Sexual ethics
The Buddha taught that all sentient beings should strive to achieve enlightenment through purification of body, speech, and mind. In this context, sexual desire is seen as an obstacle to be overcome rather than something to be indulged in.
For lay people, the Buddha's teachings allowed married couples some latitude regarding their sexual behavior. The sutras prescribe that husbands and wives should have intercourse three times a month during the fertile period, but no more often. If possible, they were encouraged to abstain from sexual contact altogether.
Premodern attitudes towards premarital sex
In ancient Laos, there was little emphasis on virginity or celibacy before marriage. Girls were considered mature enough for marriage when they reached puberty - around age twelve - and many girls became engaged by the time they were nine years old. Premarital sex was common among lower-class women who worked as servants, entertainers, prostitutes, and concubines; upper-class women had less freedom to engage in casual relationships.
Most Lao men did not consider women with past lovers desirable as brides because it would imply promiscuity.
Modern attitudes towards premarital sex
Modernization has brought new ideas about sex and gender roles into Laotian society. Women now have greater access to education and employment opportunities, which allows them to delay marriage until their early twenties. Premarital sex is becoming increasingly accepted, though not necessarily condoned. Many young people are still hesitant to discuss the subject openly with their parents, fearing criticism or disapproval.
Contemporary beliefs about sexual responsibility
Buddhist monks continue to teach that sexual desire is an obstacle to enlightenment and self-control is essential. But modern Laotians also recognize that sexual pleasure can be a healthy part of life when practiced responsibly within committed relationships. They generally believe in using birth control to prevent unplanned pregnancies and STDs, but often lack access to reliable methods.
Buddhism's influence on Laotian culture is evident in its emphasis on personal responsibility, purification, and avoidance of harm to others. This includes sexual responsibility: Laotians generally view sex as something that should only occur between married couples who have discussed it in advance and made responsible decisions together. While this approach may seem restrictive to Westerners, it is consistent with traditional Buddhist values and practical for a population facing high rates of HIV/AIDS.
How do Laotian religious teachings influence societal and personal perspectives on premarital sex and sexual responsibility?
Laotian culture promotes values of respect for elders and family harmony, and these beliefs also inform their views on premarital sex and sexual responsibility. According to traditional Laotian religion, premarital sex is considered sinful and disrespectful to one's parents, as it can bring dishonor to the family name.