As many as 68% of women who have experienced sexual assault report negative changes in their sex lives. This can include difficulties achieving arousal or orgasm, reduced frequency or intensity of sexual activity, pain during intercourse, feelings of shame or disgust during sex, and increased anxiety or fear about having sex again. Gender norms play an important role in shaping how individuals respond to these experiences, both in terms of seeking help and support and engaging in sexual activities.
In patriarchal societies like the United States, men are often socialized to see themselves as sexually aggressive, dominant, and entitled to women's bodies. They may feel ashamed or embarrassed if they do not perform well sexually and be less likely to seek professional help for issues related to sexual functioning. As a result, some men may avoid intimacy altogether, while others may turn to pornography or other forms of risky sexual behavior to prove their masculinity.
Women are often socialized to be passive, submissive, and caring towards men. After experiencing trauma, they may struggle with feeling confident, empowered, or desirable during sex. They may also have difficulty setting boundaries or communicating their needs and desires to partners. In addition, they may experience shame and guilt around exploring their own sexuality, leading to a cycle of self-blame and avoidance.
Gendered power dynamics within relationships can also impact how couples navigate sexual difficulties following trauma.
A man who was previously seen as powerful and dominant may now feel inadequate and emasculated by his partner's responses to him during sex. This can lead to tension and conflict, which in turn can exacerbate existing trauma symptoms. Conversely, women may fear retaliation from male partners if they express dissatisfaction with sexual activity or refuse consent.
To address these challenges, it is important to create safe spaces where individuals can discuss their experiences without fear of judgment or stigma. Therapists trained in trauma-informed care can provide support for both victims and perpetrators of sexual assault, helping them process past traumatic events and rebuild trust in relationships.
Education programs that challenge gender stereotypes and promote healthy communication skills can help reduce barriers to open dialogue about sexual issues.
In what ways do gender norms intersect with trauma-related emotional dysregulation to influence patterns of sexual engagement?
Emotional regulation is an integral aspect of our everyday lives that can be impacted by various factors such as childhood experiences, genetics, life events, and social influences including gender norms. Traumatic events may also lead to changes in our ability to manage emotions effectively and regulate them through adaptive coping mechanisms. Research has suggested that individuals who have experienced sexual abuse are more likely to experience difficulty managing their emotions (Fleming et al.