Vaginal Secretion Prevents Infection
The human vagina is a self-cleaning organ that secretes fluid to maintain its healthy environment. This fluid plays an important role in keeping the vagina clean and free from harmful bacteria and fungi that can cause infections such as BV (bacterial vaginosis) and yeast infections. The purpose of this article is to explain why the vagina secrets this fluid, how it works, and what happens when the pH balance is disrupted.
The vagina is part of the female reproductive system and serves multiple functions including transporting sperm during intercourse and protecting the cervix from foreign substances. It also provides lubrication during intercourse, which helps prevent tearing or damage to the delicate tissues inside the body. Vaginal secretions are produced by glands located around the cervix, which is the opening of the uterus into the vagina. The main component of these fluids is mucous, but they may also contain water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and antibodies.
Maintaining Acidity
Acidity is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Human blood has a pH value between 7.35 and 7.45, which is slightly basic because it contains sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). This is known as a buffered solution, meaning it resists changes in acidity. In contrast, the vaginal pH is typically between 3.8 and 4.5, making it more acidic than blood. This acidity is maintained by lactobacilli, which are beneficial bacteria that produce lactic acid. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii are two species commonly found in healthy women's vaginas. These bacteria feed on glucose, producing lactic acid, which lowers the pH and creates an environment unsuitable for harmful bacteria to grow.
When the pH balance is disrupted, harmful bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginae and Atopobium vaginae can multiply and cause BV. Symptoms include abnormal vaginal odor, increased vaginal discharge, and irritation or itching around the vagina. Vaginal yeast infections occur when Candida albicans overgrows in the vagina. The symptoms are similar but may also include pain during intercourse or urination. If left untreated, both conditions can lead to infertility and other reproductive problems.
Vaginal secretions play a crucial role in maintaining the acidity of the vagina, preventing harmful bacteria from multiplying and causing infection. They contain mucous, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and antibodies that work together to create an optimal environment for the body. When the pH balance is disrupted, this system breaks down, leading to BV and yeast infections. Women should be aware of their bodies and seek medical attention if they experience any changes in their vaginal health.