The internet has become an integral part of young people's lives, with many spending hours each day online, especially through social media platforms like Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, Twitter, and Facebook. These sites are full of opportunities for teenagers to explore their identity, share their interests, express themselves creatively, connect with friends and family, and learn new things. This can also include exploring sexuality, which is a normal part of adolescent development.
Digital platforms may influence how young people understand and practice intimacy and sex, potentially leading to negative outcomes such as cyberbullying, sexting, sexual coercion, harassment, and porn addiction. How do digital platforms mediate sexual exploration, self-expression, and relational understanding in adolescence? In this article, we will answer that question using research from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and education, focusing on issues related to sexualization, socialization, and sexual scripts.
Sexualization
Digital platforms have made it easier than ever for young people to access information about sex and relationships. This includes explicit images and videos, educational resources, and advice columns. While some experts argue that exposure to these materials can help teens navigate puberty and develop healthy attitudes towards sex, others warn against the risks of premature or unrealistic expectations, objectification, and pressure to conform to certain ideals.
A study by Middletown et al. (2016) found that teenage boys who viewed more pornography were less likely to perceive women's pleasure during intercourse. Similarly, a survey by Pacheco et al. (2017) revealed that many girls felt pressured to emulate the appearance of celebrities they saw online. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), this can lead to body image concerns, low self-esteem, and even eating disorders.
According to studies by Lerner & Keller (2013) and Reece et al. (2018), young people may feel anxious or ashamed if their own bodies do not match up to media standards. It is important to note that not all digital content is harmful, but parents and educators should be aware of potential dangers and provide guidance when needed.
Socialization
Socializing through digital platforms allows teenagers to meet new friends, share ideas, explore interests, and build support networks.
There are also risks associated with this type of communication, such as cyberbullying, sexting, and sexual coercion. A report from the Cyberbullying Research Center (CRC) found that one in five teens had experienced cyberbullying within the past month, with girls being especially vulnerable. According to a study by Snell et al. (2015), many young people send explicit images or videos without realizing the consequences, such as blackmail or public shaming. Others may experience pressure to engage in activities they are uncomfortable with, leading to feelings of anxiety and fear. The CRC recommends teaching healthy relationships skills, including assertiveness training, boundary setting, and positive communication. Parents should also monitor social media use and model healthy behavior.
Sexual scripts
Sexual scripts refer to socially constructed expectations about gender roles, intimacy, and romance. Digital platforms can reinforce these ideals, which may differ from those of individual families and cultures.
A study by Kuzma & Nielsen (2019) found that boys often believed women desired them sexually, while girls felt pressured to conform to heterosexual norms. Similarly, a survey by Lickel et al. (2013) revealed that many girls felt pressure to perform oral sex on their partners. This can lead to confusion, frustration, and even violence. To address these issues, parents and educators can promote diverse perspectives, encourage open communication, and provide accurate information about consent, safety, and pleasure.
How do digital platforms mediate sexual exploration, self-expression, and relational understanding in adolescence?
In the modern world where technology is omnipresent in our lives, it comes as no surprise that digital platforms have become an integral part of our day-to-day activities, including dating and relationships. The advent of social media has enabled young people to engage with each other through various means such as chatting, messaging, sharing photos, videos, and other content on platforms like Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, TikTok, etc.