The relationship between religion and sexuality has been a controversial topic for centuries, especially regarding the experience of LGBTQ individuals within various faith communities. Religious belief systems often have strict views on sexual practices and identities that may lead to feelings of shame, guilt, and self-doubt for those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or otherwise non-heteronormative. This can cause significant psychological distress and impact one's sense of identity acceptance and self-esteem.
Some research suggests that religious frameworks may also provide support and comfort for LGBTQ individuals, allowing them to reconcile their spirituality with their sexual orientation or gender identity. In this essay, we will explore how religious beliefs can interact with self-esteem, identity acceptance, and mental health among LGBTQ individuals.
Self-Esteem
Religion and self-esteem are closely intertwined, and many people rely on their faith to shape their personal belief system and identity. When an individual's religious beliefs conflict with their sexuality, it can create tension and confusion, leading to lower levels of self-esteem.
Research shows that LGBTQ youth who experience discrimination from family members or community members based on their sexual orientation or gender identity are more likely to report lower levels of self-esteem compared to their peers (Chiasson & Kim, 2013).
Negative attitudes towards homosexuality in religious contexts can lead to internalized homophobia, which is a form of self-hatred whereby the person begins to believe that they are abnormal or defective because of their sexual orientation (Pope & Vasquez, 2007). Internalized homophobia has been linked to higher rates of depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicidal ideation (Gillis et al., 2019).
Identity Acceptance
Another important factor in understanding the relationship between religion and LGBTQ mental health is identity acceptance. Many religions teach that gender and sexual identities should be heteronormative, meaning that only cisgender men and women should have romantic relationships with each other. This can make it difficult for LGBTQ individuals to reconcile their spiritual beliefs with their sense of self, leading to feelings of isolation, shame, and self-doubt.
Some studies suggest that those who are able to integrate their faith with their LGBTQ identity may experience greater psychological wellbeing and identity acceptance (Ellison et al., 2014; Farr et al., 2018).
A study by Farr et al. found that young adults who had positive experiences of support from religious communities were more likely to report higher levels of identity integration and lower levels of depressive symptoms compared to those who did not receive such support (Farr et al., 2018).
Psychological Health
Research suggests that religiously-based moral frameworks can impact psychological health among LGBTQ individuals. Specifically, those who hold more conservative views on sexuality and gender may be at increased risk for negative outcomes, including higher rates of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicidality (Walsh & Conway, 2007).
Some religious groups may view homosexuality as sinful or immoral, which can lead to discrimination, harassment, and violence against LGBTQ individuals (Greenwood et al., 2016). These experiences can contribute to long-term mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma, and even suicide attempts (Morgan et al., 2019).
Other studies have shown that spiritual practices like meditation, prayer, and community involvement can promote resilience and wellbeing among LGBTQ individuals (Hartwell-Walker, 2016; Hodge, 2015).
The relationship between religion and LGBTQ identities is complex and multifaceted, with many factors contributing to one's sense of self-esteem, identity acceptance, and psychological health. While religious belief systems may create challenges for some individuals, others find comfort and support in their faith communities. It is essential to recognize the diversity of experience within this population and provide adequate resources and support for all individuals, regardless of their religious background or sexual orientation.
How do religiously-based moral frameworks interact with self-esteem, identity acceptance, and psychological health in LGBTQ individuals?
Many people of faith who identify as LGBTQ may experience challenges related to their sexuality, gender identity, and relationship with religion. Some religious organizations oppose same-sex relationships and transgender identities, which can lead to feelings of exclusion and isolation for those who identify as LGBTQ. This can impact self-esteem and overall mental well-being by causing a sense of dissonance between one's personal beliefs and values and the expectations of their community.