There has been increased attention paid to the experiences of transgender and non-binary individuals in correctional facilities. Transgender women are disproportionately represented in prisons compared to cisgender women, while transgender men are more likely to be housed in male-only facilities. This raises questions about how the prison system responds to the unique needs of these individuals and whether they are protected from abuse and violence within their assigned gender categories. In this essay, I will explore how intersectionality - specifically around gender identity - affects vulnerability to intimate exploitation in correctional settings.
One major issue that intersects with gender identity is sexual assault. Transgender individuals are at higher risk for experiencing sexual assault in prisons than cisgender people. This is due to a variety of factors, including being perceived as "less feminine" or "more masculine" and therefore being seen as more sexually available.
Some guards may view transgender individuals as "sexual deviants" who can be easily manipulated into performing sexual acts.
Transgender individuals face discrimination from other prisoners based on their gender identity, which can lead to physical attacks or psychological trauma. Prisoners may assume that transgender individuals are less deserving of respect and dignity because of their gender identity, which can lead to violence and intimidation.
Another factor that contributes to vulnerability to intimate exploitation is access to hormones and other medical care. Many transgender individuals rely on hormone therapy to maintain their transition and to feel comfortable in their bodies.
Accessing hormones in prison can be difficult, if not impossible, due to limited resources and staffing. Without regular doses of hormones, transgender individuals may experience uncomfortable side effects such as increased body hair growth or decreased bone density. This can make them even more susceptible to abuse and exploitation.
The legal system has been slow to recognize the needs of transgender individuals, particularly those who have been convicted of crimes related to their gender identity.
Many states do not allow transgender individuals to change their name or gender marker on official documents while incarcerated, making it difficult for them to access services or receive support from outside organizations.
Intersectionality - specifically around gender identity - significantly affects vulnerability to intimate exploitation in correctional settings. Transgender individuals are at a higher risk of experiencing sexual assault, discrimination, and lack of access to medical care, all of which can contribute to increased vulnerability. It is crucial that we address these issues head-on to create safer environments for transgender and non-binary people in prisons.
In what ways does intersectionality, particularly around gender identity, affect vulnerability to intimate exploitation in correctional settings?
Intersectionality refers to the complex interplay of various social identities such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, age, physical ability, religion, and gender identity that can lead to unique experiences of oppression and discrimination (Crenshaw 1989).