European societies have undergone drastic changes throughout history regarding their views on same-sex relationships, which has been influenced heavily by cultural norms, social values, and political factors. The institution of marriage itself was defined as an exclusive union between two heterosexual individuals for most parts of Europe's history.
There have been instances where homosexuals were accepted within certain societal spheres, such as the Ancient Greeks, but these were primarily seen as part of a male-dominated society that celebrated physical relationships among men. During the Middle Ages, Catholic Church's influence spread across Europe, resulting in a backlash against same-sex relationships and increasing persecution. With the Renaissance, some artists began to challenge this viewpoint and depict same-sex relationships positively, although it was still largely frowned upon by the public. As scientific advancements made way into the 19th century, more people started questioning traditional sexuality and gender roles, leading to movements like feminism and liberalism. These ideologies led to more acceptance of alternative lifestyles, including same-sex relationships.
It wasn't until the 20th century that attitudes towards same-sex marriages started changing significantly. This can be attributed partly to media coverage, particularly in countries with more open-minded policies like France and Germany. Films and TV shows featuring positive representations of LGBTQ+ individuals helped normalize same-sex relationships in the minds of many people.
Legal rulings in favor of same-sex marriage further legitimized these unions, making them more visible in the mainstream media. The media continues to play a vital role in shaping attitudes today, with social networks and news outlets reporting on same-sex couples' daily lives and struggles for equality. Despite these developments, religious institutions continue to oppose same-sex marriages, citing Biblical teachings or cultural traditions. Still, there is hope that as attitudes change, these institutions may eventually come around and embrace progressive views on love and intimacy.
European societies have undergone significant transformation regarding their attitudes toward same-sex marriages over time, impacted heavily by both media, legal, and religious institutions.