There has been an increased awareness and acceptance of individuals who identify as LGBTQ in society, particularly in Western countries.
For those who also identify as spiritual or religious, this intersectionality can bring unique challenges related to their sense of self-identity, including how they cope with stressors and maintain healthy levels of self-esteem.
This article will explore the ways that spiritual and religious identity can impact coping, self-esteem, and well-being among LGBTQ people, drawing upon research from various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies. It is important to note that these intersections are varied and multifaceted, so the discussion will focus on general trends rather than specific communities or religions.
Coping Strategies
One way that spiritual or religious identity interacts with LGBTQ identity is through the coping strategies employed by individuals. Research suggests that individuals may turn to faith-based coping mechanisms in response to discrimination, stigma, and marginalization within both religious and queer communities.
Some individuals may rely on prayer or meditation to cope with negative experiences or seek support from a religious community that accepts them (Ferris et al., 2018). Others may engage in activism or advocacy work within their religion to promote LGBTQ rights and inclusivity (Jones & Cragun, 2019).
Relying solely on faith-based coping mechanisms can have its drawbacks. Studies suggest that individuals who experience conflict between their sexuality and their faith may experience increased stress, anxiety, and depression due to feelings of guilt, shame, and isolation (Baams & Waaijman, 2020; Hagerty et al., 2017). This can lead to unhealthy coping behaviors such as substance abuse or risky sexual behavior (Rosario et al., 2004).
Self-Esteem and Well-Being
Another area where spiritual and religious identity intersects with LGBTQ identity is in terms of self-esteem and well-being. Research shows that those who identify as both religious and LGBTQ often report lower levels of psychological well-being than those who identify as one or the other (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2014; Hatzenbuehler & Phelan, 2013). This may be due to internalized stigma, marginalization, and discrimination faced by these individuals, which can impact their sense of belonging and acceptance in both religious and queer communities.
This intersectionality can also lead to a feeling of being caught between two worlds, where individuals struggle to balance competing identities and values (Norton et al., 2018). Some individuals may feel pressure to conform to traditional gender roles within their religion while simultaneously pursuing same-sex relationships, leading to feelings of confusion, conflict, and even cognitive dissonance (Davis & Hillard, 2020).
Spiritual and religious identity can interact with LGBTQ identity in complex ways related to coping strategies, self-esteem, and well-being. While faith-based coping mechanisms can provide support for some individuals, they may not always be sufficient to address all challenges faced by those who are both LGBTQ and spiritual or religious.
The tension between competing identities and values can create unique stressors and struggles for individuals trying to navigate these intersections.
It is important to recognize that each individual's experience is unique, and there are many resources available to support those seeking to reconcile their sexuality and spirituality, including counseling, support groups, and online communities.