LGBT individuals often face unique forms of discrimination that intersect with other marginalized identities such as race, ethnicity, gender identity, disability status, age, religion, socioeconomic class, and more. This can have profound impacts on their sense of self-worth and wellbeing. In this article, I will explore how these experiences shape the self-concept, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes of LGBT individuals.
Self-Concept
The way an individual perceives themselves is known as their self-concept. It encompasses their beliefs, attitudes, values, perceptions, and emotions about who they are and what they stand for. Intersectional discrimination can create internalized oppression and negative feelings towards oneself, leading to low self-esteem, poor body image, and feelings of worthlessness.
Black transgender women may experience both racism and transphobia, which can lead to a sense of double jeopardy and isolation from both communities.
The pressure to conform to traditional gender roles or sexual norms can further erode self-esteem, making it difficult for them to feel comfortable in their own skin.
Coping Strategies
Coping refers to the strategies individuals use to manage stressful situations. Intersectional discrimination can be particularly challenging, and LGBT individuals may resort to unhealthy coping mechanisms such as substance abuse, avoidance behaviors, self-harm, or even suicide attempts.
Some individuals may develop positive coping skills such as seeking support from friends, family, or community organizations, practicing mindfulness, or engaging in physical activity.
Latinx queer youth who face discrimination based on their sexual orientation and immigration status may turn to activism or political organizing as a form of resistance, providing them with a sense of empowerment and purpose.
Mental Health Outcomes
Intersectional discrimination has been linked to higher rates of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other mental health issues among LGBT populations. This is due to the cumulative effect of marginalization, stigma, and exclusion that these individuals face daily. Moreover, access to resources and support systems may be limited, exacerbating existing disparities in mental health care.
Transgender people of color may experience discrimination in employment, housing, education, and medical settings, leading to financial instability, isolation, and increased risk of violence. As a result, they may have difficulty accessing therapy or medication, which can worsen mental health outcomes over time.
How do experiences of intersectional discrimination affect self-concept, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes in LGBT populations?
Research has shown that people who experience intersectional discrimination have higher levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem than those who do not face such challenges (Vasquez et al. , 2019). These individuals may struggle with feelings of isolation, loneliness, and rejection due to their identities being marginalized, leading them to develop negative beliefs about themselves and others.