The purpose of this article is to examine the mechanisms of family support that can enhance resilience among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth who face societal stigma. This will be achieved through a review of literature that explores various factors contributing to positive outcomes for these individuals. In particular, the role of social networks, parental involvement, peer support, and access to resources will be discussed.
Research suggests that LGBT youth are more likely than their heterosexual peers to experience negative outcomes such as depression, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, and self-harm (Kosciw et al., 2018). These issues have been linked to experiences of discrimination and rejection from family members, friends, and society at large.
Some studies suggest that LGBT youth who receive supportive family environments may exhibit greater levels of resilience, or the ability to cope with adversity effectively (Warren & Murrary, 2015). Thus, it is important to understand which mechanisms of family support are most effective in promoting resilience in LGBT youth.
Social networks play an important role in supporting resilience among LGBT youth. Social support can take many forms, including emotional support, instrumental support (e.g., providing practical assistance), informational support (e.g., sharing information about available services), and appraisal support (e.g., expressing confidence in an individual's ability to cope with challenges). Research has found that LGBT youth with strong social networks tend to report higher levels of resilience than those without them (Murray et al., 2016). This suggests that social support can help buffer against the negative impacts of stigma and discrimination on mental health.
Parental involvement also plays a key role in enhancing resilience among LGBT youth. Parents who show warmth, acceptance, and openness toward their children's sexual orientation and gender identity are more likely to promote positive outcomes such as self-esteem, self-acceptance, and social connectedness (Boswell & Marinelli, 2018). In contrast, parents who reject their child's LGBT identity may undermine these benefits by causing feelings of shame, guilt, and isolation. Therefore, parental attitudes and behaviors towards LGBT individuals have significant implications for the development of resilience in young people.
Peer support is another mechanism of family support that can enhance resilience among LGBT youth. Peers can provide emotional support, encouragement, and validation to individuals who face societal stigma. In addition, peers can serve as role models and mentors, demonstrating how to navigate various life circumstances and challenges. Studies have shown that peer support can be particularly effective for LGBT youth who experience rejection or isolation from family members (Warren & Murrary, 2015). Thus, it is important for schools, communities, and organizations to create safe spaces where LGBT youth can connect with each other and receive support.
Access to resources is another mechanism of family support that can enhance resilience among LGBT youth. Resources can include information about LGBT issues, mental health services, legal assistance, financial aid, and other forms of support. Research has found that access to resources can help reduce stress and improve coping abilities among LGBT individuals (Murray et al., 2016). This suggests that providing resources such as counseling, medical care, and job training can help promote positive outcomes for LGBT youth who face discrimination.
This article examined the mechanisms of family support that can enhance resilience among LGBT youth facing societal stigma. These mechanisms included social networks, parental involvement, peer support, and access to resources. By understanding these factors, we can better support LGBT youth and promote positive outcomes in their lives.
More research is needed to explore the most effective interventions and strategies for promoting resilience among LGBT individuals.
What mechanisms of family support most effectively enhance resilience among LGBT youth facing societal stigma?
Researchers have identified multiple mechanisms of family support that can enhance resilience among LGBTQ+ youth facing societal stigma. One study found that when parents provide unconditional love and acceptance for their LGBTQ+ children, they were more likely to feel supported and connected to their families.