The vagina is a muscular tube extending from the vulva to the uterus, surrounded by a thin mucous membrane. It is lined with smooth muscle fibers, with glands that secrete fluids to lubricate during sexual activity or menstruation. Vaginas come in different sizes and shapes, varying from a few centimeters up to twelve inches in length and one inch in width. During penetrative sex, it can expand to accommodate larger objects or partners, such as dildos, fingers, or penises. The average depth of the vaginal cavity is approximately three inches. At birth, the vaginal canal lengthens and widens, allowing the fetus to pass through the pelvis during labor. Rugae are folds that line the inside of the vaginal walls, which stretch to accommodate these processes. These irregular ridges can vary in size, shape, number, and spacing between individuals. They can be described as rippled, shaped like accordions, or resembling crinkles in paper. Rugae may help prevent injury to the cervix during intercourse or childbirth. However, they can also become more prominent after giving birth or with age, creating discomfort or painful friction. Some women have no rugae at all, while others may have many small ones. Additionally, the vagina has its own unique scent and taste. While some find this pleasant and arousing, it could be off-putting for others.
During sexual activity, vaginal wetness increases due to increased blood flow and production of lubricant. This liquid contains mucous cells, immune cells, and various enzymes, making it sticky and slippery. Women may experience contractions or involuntary muscle spasms called orgasms upon reaching climax. This can cause a sensation of pleasure and release tension. Some women prefer direct stimulation of their clitoris or other erogenous zones, while others enjoy G-spot or A-spot pressure. Oral sex, anal play, and other activities can add variety and excitement to intimate moments. Sexual health involves communication, consent, and mutual respect, regardless of gender identity or orientation. Safe practices include using protection against STIs and pregnancy, reducing risk factors such as alcohol consumption and unhealthy habits. If issues arise, medical professionals offer treatment options and support.