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When it comes to different types of discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation, people may experience varying degrees of stress depending on whether they are exposed to subtle or overt forms. Subtle forms include microaggressions such as sexist jokes, while overt forms involve more direct actions like physical assault. In this article, we will explore how prolonged exposure to both types of discrimination affects stress physiology.
The first section explains what stress is and its effects on the body. Stress is the body's response to a perceived threat, which releases hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline into the bloodstream. These hormones prepare the body for fight-or-flight reactions by increasing heart rate and breathing while constricting blood vessels. Prolonged exposure to high levels of stress can lead to health problems such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. It can also decrease immunity, making an individual susceptible to illness.
The second section outlines the psychological impacts of discrimination on mental health. Discrimination can cause anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. Victims of discrimination may feel helpless, hopeless, and worthless, leading to negative self-esteem and identity issues. They may also avoid social situations, withdraw from friends and family, and isolate themselves, further exacerbating their mental health.
The third section examines the differences between subtle and overt forms of discrimination in terms of stress physiology. While both types induce similar responses, research suggests that overt forms trigger more intense and immediate reactions due to their direct nature. Subtle forms are more insidious and harder to identify, causing longer-term effects on the body.
Microaggressions chip away at an individual's sense of belonging and safety, resulting in increased anxiety and depressive symptoms over time.
Individuals may experience 'psychosomatic' symptoms like headaches or gastrointestinal distress without realizing they are caused by stress.
Prolonged exposure to either subtle or overt forms of discrimination has significant consequences for one's physical and mental well-being. Understanding these effects is crucial for addressing discrimination and supporting those who experience it. By raising awareness about the impacts of discrimination, we can work towards a more equitable society where all individuals feel safe, valued, and respected.
What are the effects of prolonged exposure to subtle versus overt forms of discrimination on stress physiology?
Discrimination is an act that denies people access to social resources based on their membership in a specific group, which can have long-lasting adverse consequences for individuals' health outcomes. Studies suggest that both subtle and overt forms of discrimination may trigger stress responses due to perceived threat and devaluation.