Factors that Mediate Experiences of Discrimination Resulting in Post-Traumatic Growth or Ongoing Psychological Distress
Experiences of discrimination can have negative consequences for individuals' wellbeing, leading to feelings of isolation, shame, and loss of control.
Some people may experience post-traumatic growth after such experiences, where they learn from their struggles and develop new perspectives on life. This article will explore the factors that mediate whether individuals experience post-traumatic growth or ongoing psychological distress following discriminatory events.
Identifying Personal Resources
One factor that can lead to post-traumatic growth is identifying personal resources within oneself. These can include resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy, which are internal characteristics that help individuals cope with challenges. When facing discrimination, those who identify these resources may be more likely to see it as a challenge to overcome rather than a permanent barrier, and therefore engage in active coping strategies that promote growth.
A person who views themselves as resilient may seek out support from friends and family during a difficult time, while someone who lacks this quality may give up on trying to change their situation.
Social Support
Another factor that can influence post-traumatic growth is social support, which refers to the presence of positive relationships with others. Those who have strong social networks are better equipped to cope with adversity, as they have people to turn to for emotional support, practical assistance, and validation. In contrast, those without social support may feel isolated and alone, increasing their risk of psychological distress.
A person experiencing discrimination based on their race may find strength in connecting with others who share similar experiences, leading them to develop a sense of community and belonging.
Positive Reframing
Positive reframing involves changing one's perspective on a negative event by finding meaning or opportunity within it. This can involve reinterpreting past experiences as opportunities for learning and growth, or seeing current struggles as part of a larger journey toward something greater.
An individual who experiences discrimination due to their gender identity may use this experience to advocate for others like them, leading to feelings of empowerment and self-worth.
Self-Compassion
Self-compassion involves treating oneself with kindness and understanding when facing challenges. It can be especially important following experiences of discrimination, where individuals may blame themselves or feel ashamed. People who practice self-compassion tend to be more resilient and less likely to engage in maladaptive coping strategies such as avoidance or self-criticism. By showing compassion towards themselves during difficult times, individuals can build confidence and resilience over time.
Cultivating Gratitude
Cultivating gratitude is the act of intentionally focusing on positive aspects of life, including things that are often taken for granted. Studies have shown that practicing gratitude can lead to increased wellbeing, reduced stress, and improved social connections. In the context of discrimination, cultivating gratitude can help individuals focus on what they do have rather than what they lack, creating a sense of balance and equanimity.
Someone experiencing discrimination based on their sexual orientation may choose to express gratitude for friends who support them unconditionally.
Experiences of discrimination can result in either post-traumatic growth or ongoing psychological distress depending on various factors such as personal resources, social support, positive reframing, self-compassion, and cultivating gratitude. Individuals who identify these factors within themselves and seek out helpful relationships and perspectives may experience greater resilience and wellbeing after adversity.
What factors mediate whether experiences of discrimination result in post-traumatic growth or ongoing psychological distress?
The extent to which an individual's experience of discrimination leads to positive outcomes (e. g. , PTG) depends on various personal, interpersonal, and social-structural variables. On one hand, individuals who perceive themselves as having control over their situation may be more likely to find meaning from adversity and experience PTG. This can be especially true for those who have strong support systems and resources at their disposal.