When parents choose to have their children undergo any form of genital surgery for cultural, religious, or social reasons, they may be unaware of the potential consequences it can have on their children's lives. These procedures are often performed without consent, leaving individuals feeling like outsiders and unable to relate to others who haven't had the same experiences. Many people who have experienced this type of surgery describe it as traumatic and life-altering. This is especially true for those who were forced into it without understanding its implications. This article will explore how female genital modification and male circumcision affect individuals long term psychologically and relationally.
Female Genital Modification
Female genital modification (FGM) involves altering the external appearance of female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It is commonly practiced in some African countries, the Middle East, and Asia for various reasons, including religion, culture, and tradition. The World Health Organization reports that more than 200 million women and girls have been subjected to FGM globally. While the procedure has physical effects, such as pain during sex and childbirth, there are also relational and psychological consequences.
Relationships with Partners
Women who have undergone FGM may experience difficulties forming healthy relationships due to a lack of intimacy and emotional connection. Since the clitoris is often removed during FGM, sexual pleasure becomes more difficult to achieve. Women may feel shame or embarrassment about their bodies and find it challenging to express themselves sexually. They may feel less attractive or desirable compared to uncircumcised women, leading them to reject potential partners who do not view their modified genitals as acceptable. In addition, men may be less inclined to date women who have undergone FGM because they perceive them as damaged goods.
Relationships within Families
In some cultures, FGM is seen as necessary to prevent promiscuity or premarital sex.
This can lead to dysfunctional family dynamics when daughters refuse the procedure or question why it's necessary. Parents may believe that if their daughter isn't circumcised, she will become pregnant out of wedlock or bring shame upon her family. This pressure can create tension between parents and children and affect sibling relationships as well.
Male Circumcision
Male circumcision involves removing the foreskin of the penis. It is widely practiced in many parts of the world, including North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. While some medical professionals recommend circumcision for hygienic reasons, others argue that the benefits are minimal. Like female genital modification, male circumcision has physical effects such as pain and reduced sensation during sex.
There are also relational consequences to consider.
Relationships with Partners
Men who have been circumcised may experience difficulty forming intimate connections due to a lack of skin on their penises. Since the foreskin provides protection, exposure to friction and chafing can cause irritation and discomfort. Men who are uncircumcised may feel more sensitive during sexual activity, leading to increased pleasure. Some men find it difficult to talk about their experiences with partners who aren't familiar with circumcision, which can lead to misunderstandings and communication breakdowns.
Relationships within Families
Like FGM, male circumcision can also cause tension within families when parents force their sons to undergo the procedure against their wishes. Boys may resent being forced into something they do not want or understand. Parents may view them as immature or rebellious if they refuse, leading to strained relationships. They may also pressure friends and peers to get circumcised, creating social isolation and stigma.
What long-term relational and psychological effects result from religiously motivated circumcision or female genital modification?
As per various studies, researchers have found that religiously motivated circumcision or female genital modification can have significant long-term relational and psychological impacts on an individual's life. Researchers have also noted that the procedure is often carried out as part of traditional rituals or religious beliefs and may be associated with various cultural practices. The most commonly observed long-term effects include decreased self-esteem, sexual pleasure and satisfaction, and difficulty forming intimate relationships.