Vietnamese culture is often described as a mixture of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.
There are also local belief systems that have been incorporated into Vietnamese society. These include ancestral worship, animism, shamanism, and various indigenous practices. This article will explore how these belief systems impact morality around sexual desire, intimacy, and personal responsibility.
Buddhist teachings emphasize nonattachment to material desires, including sexual pleasure. According to Buddhism, indulging in sensual pleasures can lead to suffering. Sexual relations are seen as a distraction from the path towards enlightenment. As such, monks must refrain from all sexual activity.
Laypeople are encouraged to engage in marital sex within a committed relationship for procreation purposes. The concept of karma also plays a role in Buddhism's view of sexual behavior. Any negative actions, including infidelity or exploitation, could result in bad karma and harm to future lives.
Folk beliefs about sexuality tend to be more permissive than Buddhism.
Many believe that having multiple partners does not necessarily constitute cheating if both parties agree. Some even suggest that it is okay for men to have mistresses so long as their primary partner remains unaware. There is no stigma against premarital sex, although some families may disapprove if a woman has children out of wedlock. Virginity before marriage is considered ideal but not mandatory.
Moral reasoning around sexuality is influenced by these religious beliefs and cultural norms. Many people feel shame or guilt over their desires, particularly if they do not align with traditional values. Others may experience pressure to conform to certain expectations, such as getting married at a young age or avoiding same-sex relationships. This can lead to feelings of frustration or confusion.
When it comes to self-regulation, Vietnamese culture emphasizes respect for elders and authority figures. This means that personal boundaries may be sacrificed in order to maintain social harmony.
Young adults may put off expressing their true feelings until after marriage due to the importance placed on filial piety.
Women may find it challenging to assert themselves in relationships due to gender roles that prioritize male dominance.
Religion and tradition play an important role in shaping moral attitudes towards sex and intimacy in Vietnam. While there are similarities between Buddhist and folk beliefs, there are also significant differences. Understanding these beliefs can help individuals navigate the complex landscape of dating and romantic relationships.
In Vietnam, how do Buddhist and folk religious beliefs influence moral reasoning around sexual curiosity, intimacy, and ethical self-regulation?
Research has shown that traditional values of modesty and purity in Vietnamese society have influenced the way individuals perceive and regulate their sexual behavior. The concept of "bodily control" is central to these traditions, which emphasizes restraint and control over one's desires and urges. This can lead to a sense of shame or guilt surrounding sex and an internalized pressure to avoid indulging in it outside of marriage or serious relationships.