Sexual orientation is defined as an individual's romantic attraction to others. Gender identity refers to one's sense of being male, female, both, neither, or somewhere in between. Sexual behavior and gender expression are often influenced by social norms, culture, biology, psychology, and personal preference. Societies around the world have varying levels of acceptance for LGBTQ individuals. Marginalization includes discrimination, prejudice, stigmatization, and violence based on non-heterosexual identities. Self-esteem reflects confidence, satisfaction, and self-worth.
In some societies, LGBTQ people face harassment, exclusion, violence, and discrimination from family members, friends, co-workers, and strangers. This contributes to feelings of isolation, anxiety, depression, suicide, substance abuse, and other mental health issues. These experiences can lower their self-esteem, leading them to feel worthless, unlovable, and less valuable than heterosexuals. Research shows that these factors impact their physical and emotional wellbeing and overall quality of life. Some studies link marginalization with higher rates of HIV/AIDS, STDs, and poor sexual decision making.
Research also suggests that some LGBTQ individuals thrive in spite of adversity due to resilience, supportive networks, positive identity development, positive relationships, and a strong sense of self. They may find strength through activism, advocacy, creativity, spirituality, and community engagement. Their positive self-esteem helps them resist internalized homophobia, reject harmful stereotypes, and embrace their unique identities.
Society's attitude towards LGBTQ communities has improved over time, with more legal protections and increased social acceptance. Still, many individuals struggle with the consequences of past and current stigma and discrimination, including low self-esteem, resulting in psychological distress and reduced quality of life. Promoting inclusivity and equality is crucial for reducing negative effects on LGBTQ individuals.
What is the relationship between societal marginalization and self-esteem among LGBTQ individuals?
There is a strong relationship between societal marginalization and self-esteem among LGBTQ individuals, as they are often excluded from social norms and expectations, leading to feelings of isolation, depression, and lack of self-worth. Social marginalization can result in discrimination, prejudice, and violence, which further damage their sense of belonging and identity.